Note: This project is currently only partially funded under this SOW in FY22 (see attached detailed budget).  To complete implementation efficiently in a single season additional funds will be required in FY23 or through other outside sources.  CTUIR and the SRSRB are investigating funding opportunities to maximize effectiveness fiscally while maximizing benefit to Spring Chinook.

Overview: The Tucannon River in Southeast Washington flows north out of the Blue Mountains into the Snake River, and is the ancestral boundary between the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and the Nez Perce Tribe. The Tucannon watershed supports the only remaining population of spring Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the lower Snake River. Early fish estimates show the Tucannon once produced thousands of salmon annually, but now only produces a few hundred adult spring Chinook each year. In 1992, spring Chinook were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act as runs declined to less than 200 adult fish. Given the importance of the Tucannon River to the Snake River Basin, BPA provides funding for a Programmatic Habitat Project in the watershed.

The Tucannon Programmatic Project is managed by the Snake River Salmon Recovery Board (SRSRB) through a parent contract for operational support, organizational management, implementation assistance, and annual reporting. The goal of the Tucannon River programmatic is to restore natural channel processes in the spring Chinook priority restoration reaches of the Tucannon River, leading to improved population productivity and abundance. The CTUIR collaborates in the Programmatic Project, as a project implementer in support of programmatic goals, consistent with the CTUIR River Vision: a desired riverine system that is shaped and maintained by the dynamic interactions and interconnections of its natural physical and ecological processes. The restoration actions proposed for implementation in the prioritized river segments promote and enhance the interconnected nature of the five primary touchstones of the Tribes' Vision: a) hydrology, b) geomorphology, c) connectivity, d) riparian community, and e) aquatic biota.  

Major limiting factors influencing the condition of these touchstones throughout the project reaches proposed for treatment in the watershed, include:  
•    Past land use practices including logging, livestock grazing, irrigated agriculture and construction of the Tucannon Lakes, in addition to recent large forest fires in the headwaters, have created conditions in the Tucannon River that have over-simplified the stream channel and drastically reduced the productivity, abundance and sustainability of the spring Chinook population.  
•    Channel simplification caused by channel confinement (levees, lakes, roads) and straightening (pushing the channel to the valley wall) has led to a loss of floodplain connectivity (channel incision), increased stream velocities, and loss of pool habitat. These factors have combined to decrease quality habitat for adult and juvenile Spring Chinook salmon, steelhead, and Bull Trout, leaving these unique populations at risk.

Background: After several years of opportunistic restoration in the Tucannon Basin, as a Model Watershed (1997-2008), the Columbia County Conservation District (CCD) brought all parties to the table to work on a new restoration planning document. The Tucannon River Geomorphic Assessment & Habitat Restoration Study (Anchor QEA, April 2011) identified and prioritized stream reaches and restoration actions which would best improve habitat for salmonids. Refocusing on the high priority areas for spring Chinook, the CCD coordinated the development of a habitat restoration plan that prioritized work from RM-20 upstream to RM-50. After 10 years of implementing the first plan, it became obvious that program managers needed to move further down the watershed and start working in the lower Tucannon River. In 2020, through the Tucannon River Programmatic Habitat project, the CTUIR, CCD, SRSRB and other partners completed an update of the Tucannon Restoration Plan to help refocus restoration efforts and include the rest of the Tucannon River from RM-20 downstream to the confluence of the Snake River.

The Updated Tucannon Conceptual Restoration Plan (Anchor QEA, 2021) prioritizes projects into three Tiers (1-3) based on these prioritization goals; (1) increased complexity at low-winter flows, (2) increased complexity during spring and winter peak flows, (3) reconnection of disconnected and abandoned floodplains, (4) improved quantity and quality of pools, and (4) increased retention and storage of in-channel bedload sediments.  With these new prioritization goals, the Tucannon Implementers will select project areas in the Tucannon that focus on increasing habitat condition for adult and juvenile Snake River spring Chinook, steelhead and Bull Trout. The refocusing of prioritization goals will ensure Tucannon Implementers are selecting project areas for future restoration actions that are large enough to make a meaningful difference, be cost-effective relative to those benefits, and remain feasible to construct.

Project Area Summary: Project Area (PA) 27/28.1 is located within the active river channel and floodplain of the Tucannon River, on private property from RM-22.2 to RM-23.1 (approx). The project is identified as a Tier-1 project in the Conceptual Restoration Plan (Anchor QEA, 2011) developed for the Tucannon River. The primary objectives of the project are to increase floodplain connectivity through: removing channel confining features, increasing off-channel and reconnecting side-channel habitats; and improving channel complexity through placement of large wood debris in the form of constructed log jams and single-log wood placements.

Status (FY22) Phase II: the initial-half of the entire project originally proposed was initiated during the abbreviated Summer 2020 work-period, and completed in Summer-Fall 2021. The second-phase of the project is currently in the design process (see contract #73982 REL130); CTUIR project staff are working with the private landowner and design subcontractor through the construction design period in an abbreviated timeframe (Dec - Jun), to be ready for Phase II implementation by Jul 2022.  Phase II will aid in migrating existing agriculture infrastructure out of the floodplain allowing for the implementation of Phase III work proposed in this SOW.
Status (FY22)  Phase III:  this SOW is developed to support the floodplain expansion work located in PA28.1 adjacent to the stream work implemented in Phase I (implemented in 2020-21) with design components of Phase I attached to the CTUIR project 2008-202-00 (#73982 REL 72 & REL 100).  As described above Phase II conducting irrigation efficiencies and infrastructure relocation is designed in 2021-22 for implementation prior to the work identified in Phase III (#73982 REL 130).  The Phase III design is also being developed in FY22 by CTUIR in #73982 REL ???.  Phase III will involve a large proportion of work out side the current ordinary watermark prior to levee/gravel berm removal which will be identified in 60-80% designs during the summer of 2022.

CTUIR will lead the implementation management and supervision for: pre-construction tasks, site preparation, materials acquisition, permitting, and design finalization for the final Phase of the project (Phase-III) at PA-27/28.1. Restoration actions proposed for the project area are identified in the Updated Tucannon Conceptual Restoration Plan as a high priority for habitat improvements (Anchor QEA, Nov 2020), and focus on increasing the amount of large wood debris (LWD) to increase channel complexity and floodplain connectivity, the highest priority actions for spring Chinook in the Tucannon. Description of the project areas with respect to existing natural processes and habitat conditions will be provided in the associated project Design Report, along with the specific physical and biological objectives that the proposed restoration features are expected to achieve for each phase of the design/build for the project areas.  

Project Elements (PA-27/28.1): The design focus for the project area is on improving the multiple habitat structure, floodplain connection, and stream function deficiencies associated with this reach of the Tucannon River. Expanding and enhancing/restoring channel complexity in this project area will be accomplished through a variety of treatment actions in the main channel, along the banks, and within the floodplain. These design features are intended to benefit spring Chinook by providing better refuge and spawning habitat for adults, reducing redd scour during winter flood events, and increasing rearing habitat and over-winter survivals for juvenile salmonids.

Expected Implementation Actions (from the 60% Design Report): (1) remove floodplain confining features including gravel berms and channel/flow path plugs; (2) engage additional side-channel elements to reconnect adjacent floodplain and restore habitat function; and (3) create floodway flow paths and channels on reconnected floodplain, (4) place additional unsecured mobile LWD in the main channel, side channels and on the floodplain for complexity and roughness. Plant adjacent floodplain and riparian areas, and where disturbed, re-vegetate and restore construction access sites and staging areas. Planting efforts will emphasize an increase in willow, cottonwoods and in higher areas pines throughout the reach for the purpose of future LWD key piece recruitment.